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Ceraunius Fossae
Ceraunius Fossae is an area of intensely fractured terrain in the northern Tharsis region of Mars. It lies directly south of the large volcano Alba Mons and consists of ancient highland crust that has been deformed by numerous parallel faults and tension cracks.〔Carr, M.H. (2006). ''The Surface of Mars;'' Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, p. 87. ISBN 978-0-521-87201-0.〕 In places, younger lava flows cover the fractured terrain, dividing it into several large patches or islands.〔Raitala, J. (1988). Composite Graben Tectonics of Alba Patera on Mars. ''Earth, Moon, and Planets,'' 42, 277–291.〕
The faults are mainly narrow, north-south oriented graben. Graben (the name is both singular and plural) are long, narrow troughs bound by two inward-facing normal faults that enclose a downfaulted block of crust. The graben in Ceraunius Fossae are commonly several kilometers wide, between 100 to slightly over 1000 m deep,〔JMARS MOLA Gridded Dataset. University of Arizona. http://jmars.asu.edu/〕 and very closely spaced, giving the terrain a rugged ridge and groove topography.〔Banerdt, W.B.; Golombek, M.P.; Tanaka, K.L. (1992). Stress and Tectonics on Mars in ''Mars,'' H.H. Kieffer ''et al.,'' Eds.; University of Arizona Press: Tucson, AZ, pp. 248–297.〕 Many of the graben are hundreds of kilometers long〔Tanaka, K.L. (1990). Tectonic history of the Alba Patera–Ceraunius Fossae Region of Mars. ''Lunar. Planet. Sci. Conf.,'' 20, 515–523. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1990LPSC...20..515T/0000515.000.html.〕 and have walls with complex scalloped segments.〔 Some contain pit crater chains (catenae) at their bottoms, suggesting the presence of deep-seated tension cracks into which surface material has drained.〔〔
==Name Origin==
The term Ceraunius is from an albedo feature at lat. 19.78°N, long. 267°E. It was named by Greek Astronomer E. M. Antoniadi in 1930 for the Ceraunian Mountains on the coast of Epirus, Greece〔Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1103.〕 (now southwestern Albania). Fossa (pl. ''fossae'') is Latin for ditch and is a descriptor term used in planetary geology for a long, narrow depression or trench.〔Russell, J.F.; Snyder, C.W.; Kieffer, H.H. (1992). Origin and Use of Martian Nomenclature in ''Mars,'' H.H. Kieffer ''et al.,'' Eds.; University of Arizona Press: Tucson, AZ, p. 1311.〕 The International Astronomical Union (IAU) formally adopted the term Ceraunius Fossae in 1973.〔 The name Ceraunius Fossae is plural and translates into "the Ceraunian trenches," but the name is commonly used in the singular when referring to the area itself.
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